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Where does the oil?

is impossible not to have heard in any part of the world his name, which the country's economy would be affected by its price rose, there are shortages, they fight because countries of collection. It is also known by different names, such as natural oil, mineral oil, black or metaphorically as the "black gold ." We're talking about oil .

Stone (Petra) and oil (Oleum) are the two Latin terms found in the etymology of the word oil, which is also called "Oil stone."

Brief History
oil

history began more than 200 million years ago, when most of the world was still covered by large expanses of water. The geological processes and slow bacterial action on organic matter accumulated on the seabed resulted in this mixture of hydrocarbons in which it has based the development of our society current. The oil
is a viscous liquid green, yellow, brown or black , which consists of various hydrocarbons, ie compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms in different cantidades.No have ever encountered two oil fields have exactly the same composition, as, along with hydrocarbons, there are often other oxygenates, nitrogen and other organic compounds with elements like sulfur, nickel and vanadium.
Oil comes from the decay of tiny aquatic organisms that lived in ancient seas Earth millions of years ago, when humans still had not appeared.

At that time, the planet's surface did not have the same characteristics as the present. Pangea is the name that is known only large terrestrial plate there, which were gathered all continents.

When these plant and animal organisms died and fell to the bottom of large bodies of water, successive layers of inorganic sediment, sand and clay were deposited on top, burying them deeper and deeper. The high pressure of the layers of soil, high temperatures and the action of bacteria in the absence of oxygen, ie in an anaerobic medium, was slowly transforming the organic waste in what we know today as crude oil . The process of decomposition of organic matter and petroleum formation takes between 10 and 100 million years .

A characteristic feature of the oil is the miscibility of all fractions, which forms a continuous organic phase. In contrast, oil are poorly miscible in water, and as they are lighter, are always a layer on its surface.

Oil is not large underground lakes, but fills the pores and crevices in the rocks of sedimentary origin, like the water in aquifers, or in a sponge. Its liquid nature gives him a tendency to migrate vertically or horizontally, using the permeability of the rock layers that are in its path. When that happens, the oil moves up to the surface-light products that comprise it evaporate and the rest is oxidized, resulting in asphalt-or as a deposit when caught in a waterproof layer can not pass.

This high mobility makes it often is difficult to know what has been the place where oil has been formed, as can be found in all strata geological. The most common under the Cenozoic (65 to 0.01 million years), followed by the Paleozoic (590-248 million years ago), the Mesozoic (248-65 million) and Preconiano (more than 500 million years ), but all have originated during the course of a long evolutionary history, factors that have acted petrographic, sedimentological, structural, paleontological, etc..

Oil is currently the main source of energy and important raw material traded between countries. More than half of the active energy that keeps our civilization comes from this energy source does not renewable.
is then a strategic resource whose absence would cause the decline of the global economy.